Cardiomyopathies , Carnitine , Carnitine/deficiency , Celiac Disease , Muscular Diseases , Humans , Carnitine/therapeutic use , Celiac Disease/complications , Celiac Disease/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathies/etiology , Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis , Male , Hyperammonemia/etiology , Hyperammonemia/diagnosis , Female
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis. It is characterized by nodulo-ulcerative skin lesions and occasionally nodular, papular/plaque, and/or impetiginous lesions on exposed parts of the body. However, other atypical lesions of CL have been reported worldwide such as lupoid, eczematous, erysipeloid, verrucous, dry, zosteriform, paronychial, sporotrichoid, chancriform, annular and erythematous volcanic ulcers. These non-specific lesions often make the diagnosis challenging due to the large number of differential diagnoses and may lead to a delay in the implementation of CL therapy and therefore a higher risk of lifelong scars and major quality of life issues and stigma. We report a case of an 11-year-old immunocompetent albino child boy that presented with 3 years history of persistent multiple asymptomatic, small ulcers and cribriform scars of the forehead. Diagnosis of CL was confirmed by detecting Leishmania parasites in tissue specimens, and treatment by antimony drugs resulted in healing of lesion within one month. This is a novel case of a rare, atypical form of CL, which resulted in delayed diagnosis and management. Clinicians, especially those practicing in CL endemic areas like the Americas and the Mediterranean basin, should consider systematically the diagnosis of CL in front of long-lasting and/or non-specific lesions. (AU)
La leishmaniasis cutánea (LC) es la forma más común de leishmaniasis. Se caracteriza por lesiones cutáneas nódulo-ulcerosas y, en ocasiones, lesiones nodulares, papulares/en placas y/o impetiginosas en las partes expuestas del cuerpo. Sin embargo, a nivel mundial se han reportado otras lesiones atípicas de LC como úlceras lupoides, eccematosas, erisipelosas, verrugosas, secas, zosteriformes, paroniquiales, esporotricoides, chancriformes, anulares y eritematosas volcánicas. Estas lesiones inespecíficas a menudo dificultan el diagnóstico debido a la gran cantidad de diagnósticos diferenciales y pueden provocar un retraso en la implementación de la terapia LC y, por lo tanto, un mayor riesgo de cicatrices de por vida y problemas importantes de calidad de vida y estigma. Presentamos el caso de un niño albino inmunocompetente de 11 años de edad que presentó una historia de 3 años de evolución de múltiples úlceras asintomáticas persistentes, pequeñas y cicatrices cribosas en la frente. El diagnóstico de LC se confirmó mediante la detección de parásitos Leishmania en muestras de tejido, y el tratamiento con fármacos de antimonio resultó en la curación de la lesión en un mes. Este es un caso novedoso de una forma rara y atípica de LC, que resultó en un diagnóstico y manejo tardíos. Los médicos, especialmente aquellos que practican en áreas endémicas de LC como las Américas y la cuenca del Mediterráneo, deben considerar sistemáticamente el diagnóstico de LC frente a lesiones de larga duración y/o inespecíficas. (AU)
Humans , Male , Child , /diagnosis , /drug therapy , /therapy , Albinism
INTRODUCTION: Mortality, particularly at younger ages, is a key measure of population health. AIM: To describe under 5 children mortality trends and its related factors in the Great Maghreb countries over the last three decades 1994-2019. METHODS: We conducted an observational descriptive study to clarify the situation in the Maghreb countries with regard to the under-five death rates and the various causes related to them during the last three decades (1990-2019). The data was collected from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD). RESULTS: he overall trend for the five Maghreb countries was towards the decrease in the mortality rates for all age groups and for both sexes. Mauritania remains at the top of the list in term of the number of deaths followed directly by Morocco. The number of deaths of under-5 children is higher among boys in all Maghreb countries and the most affected age group is under 1 year old. Regarding the causes of under-5 mortality in Maghreb countries, the top-5 causes were similar; except in Mauritania where infectious diseases remain the leading under-5 mortality cause, like in other sub-Saharan countries. CONCLUSION: Despite the big drop in under 5 child Mortality rates, a lot remains to be done in Maghreb countries to improve children health.
Child Mortality , Africa, Northern/epidemiology , Algeria/epidemiology , Cause of Death , Child, Preschool , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Female , Global Burden of Disease , Humans , Infant , Infant Mortality , Infant, Newborn , Libya/epidemiology , Male , Mauritania/epidemiology , Morocco/epidemiology , Mortality , Risk Factors , Tunisia/epidemiology
Investigators from different clinical and research centers from Paris, France studied the polymorphisms of the HLA class II loci in an autistic population. Through a case control design, they looked for the distribution of HLA class II alleles, genotypes and haplotypes in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) patients meeting DSM-IV TR criteria versus healthy controls (HC).
Investigators from four European tertiary care hospitals (in Paris, France; Milan, Udine and Perugia, Italy) performed a case-control study of children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years diagnosed with primary headaches in the emergency department by a pediatric neurologist using the validated ICHD-3 criteria.
